effexor failure to warn
Withdrawal symptoms were reported to include brief bursts of dizziness associated with headache, anxiety, irritability, agitation, insomnia, paresthesias, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, fatigue, sweating, and worsening of depression (similar to symptoms reported after withdrawal from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Although these events occurred during treatment with venlafaxine, causality has not been determined.
Hematologic
Hematologic side effects have included have frequently included abnormal bleeding (most commonly ecchymosis).
Hematologic side effects reported in premarketing Phase 3 trials have included anemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, thrombocythemia, basophilia, increased bleeding time, cyanosis, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, multiple myeloma, purpura, and thrombocytopenia. Dyskinesia has also been reported.
Venlafaxine has been reported to increase the pain tolerance threshold to electrical sural nerve stimulation and the threshold at which pain increases (pain summation).
One case of serotonin syndrome has been reported which is believed to have been precipitated by the combination of venlafaxine and trazodone.
One small study has suggested that effexor failure to warn may improve attention, concentration, memory, and reaction time performance after single oral doses.
Nervous system side effects reported in premarketing Phase 3 trials have included amnesia, confusion, depersonalization, hypesthesia, abnormal thinking, trismus, vertigo, akathisia, apathy, ataxia, circumoral paresthesia, central nervous system (CNS) stimulation, hostility, hyperesthesia, hyperkinesia, hypotonia, incoordination, myoclonus, neuralgia, neuropathy, seizure, abnormal speech, stupor, adjustment disorder, akinesia, alcohol abuse, aphasia, bradykinesia, buccoglossal syndrome, cerebrovascular accident, feeling drunk, loss of consciousness, dementia, dystonia, increased energy, facial paralysis, abnormal gait, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, effexor failure to warn hypokinesia, hysteria, impulse control difficulties, increased effexor failure to warn motion sickness, neuritis, nystagmus, paresis, decreased or increased reflexes, and torticollis. In the event that therapy is not reintroduced, withdrawal symptoms may last from 5 to 7 days before resolving spontaneously.
In one case report, withdrawal- induced full mania effexor failure to warn in a 33- year- old patient following abrupt termination of treatment with venlafaxine extended-release (150 mg daily for 10 weeks).
Hepatic
Hepatic side effects have included toxic hepatitis. It is important to emphasize that, although the events reported occurred effexor failure to warn treatment with venlafaxine, they were not necessarily caused by it.
Events are further categorized by body system and listed in order of decreasing frequency using the following definitions: frequent adverse events are defined as those effexor failure to warn on one or more occasions in at least 1/100 patients; infrequent adverse events are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1000 patients; effexor failure to warn events are those occurring in fewer than 1/1000 patients.
Body as a whole—Frequent: accidental injury, chest pain substernal, neck pain; Infrequent: face edema, intentional injury, malaise, moniliasis, neck effexor failure to warn pelvic pain, photosensitivity reaction, suicide attempt, withdrawal syndrome; Rare: appendicitis, bacteremia, carcinoma, cellulitis.
Cardiovascular system—Frequent: migraine; Infrequent: angina pectoris, arrhythmia, extrasystoles, hypotension, peripheral vascular disorder (mainly cold feet and/or cold hands), syncope, thrombophlebitis; Rare: aortic aneurysm, arteritis, first-degree atrioventricular block, bigeminy, bradycardia, bundle branch block, capillary fragility, cardiovascular disorder (mitral valve and circulatory disturbance), cerebral ischemia, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, heart arrest, mucocutaneous hemorrhage, myocardial infarct, pallor.
Digestive system—Frequent: eructation; Infrequent: effexor failure to warn colitis, dysphagia, tongue edema, esophagitis, effexor failure to warn gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal ulcer, gingivitis, glossitis, rectal hemorrhage, hemorrhoids, melena, oral moniliasis, stomatitis, mouth ulceration; Rare: cheilitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, duodenitis, esophageal spasm, hematemesis, effexor failure to warn hemorrhage, gum hemorrhage, hepatitis, ileitis, jaundice, intestinal obstruction, parotitis, periodontitis, proctitis, increased salivation, soft stools, tongue discoloration.
Endocrine system—Rare: goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodule, thyroiditis.
Hemic and lymphatic system—Frequent: ecchymosis; Infrequent: anemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, thrombocythemia, thrombocytopenia; Rare: basophilia, bleeding time increased, cyanosis, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, multiple myeloma, purpura.
Metabolic and nutritional—Frequent: edema, weight gain; Infrequent: alkaline phosphatase increased, dehydration, hypercholesteremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, hypokalemia, SGOT (AST) increased, SGPT (ALT) increased, thirst; Rare: alcohol intolerance, bilirubinemia, BUN increased, creatinine increased, diabetes mellitus, glycosuria, gout, healing abnormal, hemochromatosis, hypercalcinuria, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, effexor failure to warn hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, hypoproteinemia, uremia.
Musculoskeletal system—Infrequent: arthritis, arthrosis, bone pain, bone spurs, bursitis, leg cramps, myasthenia, tenosynovitis; Rare: pathological fracture, myopathy, osteoporosis, osteosclerosis, plantar effexor failure to warn rheumatoid arthritis, tendon rupture.
Nervous system—Frequent: trismus, vertigo; Infrequent: akathisia, apathy, effexor failure to warn circumoral paresthesia, CNS stimulation, emotional lability, euphoria, hallucinations, hostility, hyperesthesia, hyperkinesia, hypotonia, incoordination, libido increased, manic reaction, myoclonus, neuralgia, neuropathy, psychosis, seizure, abnormal speech, stupor; Rare: akinesia, alcohol abuse, aphasia, bradykinesia, buccoglossal syndrome, cerebrovascular accident, loss of consciousness, delusions, dementia, dystonia, facial paralysis, feeling drunk, abnormal gait, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, hyperchlorhydria, hypokinesia, impulse control difficulties, neuritis, nystagmus, paranoid reaction, paresis, psychotic depression, reflexes decreased, reflexes increased, suicidal ideation, torticollis.
Respiratory system—Frequent: bronchitis, dyspnea; Infrequent: asthma, chest congestion, epistaxis, hyperventilation, laryngismus, laryngitis, pneumonia, voice alteration; Rare: atelectasis, hemoptysis, hypoventilation, hypoxia, larynx edema, pleurisy, pulmonary embolus, sleep apnea.
Skin and appendages—Infrequent: acne, alopecia, brittle nails, contact dermatitis, dry skin, eczema, skin hypertrophy, maculopapular rash, psoriasis, urticaria; Rare: erythema nodosum, exfoliative dermatitis, lichenoid dermatitis, hair discoloration, skin discoloration, furunculosis, effexor failure to warn leukoderma, petechial rash, pustular rash, vesiculobullous rash, seborrhea, skin atrophy, skin striae.
Special senses—Frequent: abnormality of accommodation, abnormal vision; Infrequent: cataract, conjunctivitis, corneal lesion, diplopia, dry eyes, eye pain, hyperacusis, otitis media, parosmia, photophobia, taste loss, visual field defect; Rare: blepharitis, chromatopsia, conjunctival edema, deafness, exophthalmos, glaucoma, retinal hemorrhage, subconjunctival hemorrhage, keratitis, labyrinthitis, miosis, papilledema, decreased pupillary reflex, otitis externa, scleritis, uveitis.
Urogenital system—Frequent: metrorrhagia*, prostatic disorder (prostatitis and enlarged prostate)*, vaginitis*; Infrequent: albuminuria, amenorrhea*, cystitis, dysuria, hematuria, leukorrhea*, menorrhagia*, nocturia, effexor failure to warn pain, breast pain, polyuria, pyuria, urinary incontinence, urinary urgency, vaginal hemorrhage*; Rare: abortion*, anuria, balanitis*, breast discharge, breast engorgement, breast enlargement, endometriosis*, fibrocystic breast, calcium crystalluria, cervicitis*, ovarian cyst*, prolonged erection*, gynecomastia (male)*, hypomenorrhea*, kidney calculus, kidney pain, kidney function abnormal, female lactation*, mastitis, menopause*, oliguria, orchitis*, pyelonephritis, salpingitis*, urolithiasis, uterine hemorrhage*, uterine spasm*, vaginal dryness*.
* Based on the number of men and women as appropriate.
Postmarketing Reports
Voluntary reports of other adverse events temporally associated with the use of venlafaxine that have been received since market introduction and that may have no causal relationship effexor failure to warn the use of venlafaxine include the following: agranulocytosis, anaphylaxis, angioedema, aplastic anemia, catatonia, congenital anomalies, impaired coordination and balance, effexor failure to warn increased, deep vein thrombophlebitis, delirium, EKG abnormalities such as QT prolongation; cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular extrasystole, and rare reports of ventricular effexor failure to warn and ventricular tachycardia, including torsade de pointes; toxic epidermal necrolysis/Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, erythema multiforme, extrapyramidal symptoms (including dyskinesia and tardive dyskinesia), angle-closure glaucoma, hemorrhage (including eye and gastrointestinal bleeding), hepatic events (including GGT elevation; abnormalities of unspecified liver function tests; liver damage, necrosis, or failure; and fatty liver), interstitial lung disease, involuntary movements, LDH increased, neutropenia, night sweats, pancreatitis, pancytopenia, panic, prolactin increased, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, shock-like electrical sensations or tinnitus (in some cases, subsequent to the discontinuation of venlafaxine or tapering of dose), and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (usually in the elderly).
There have been reports of elevated clozapine levels that were temporally associated with adverse events, including seizures, following the addition of venlafaxine. The frequencies presented, therefore, represent the proportion of the 5356 patients exposed to multiple doses of either formulation of venlafaxine who experienced an event of the type cited on at least one occasion while receiving venlafaxine. Although these effexor failure to warn occurred during treatment with venlafaxine, causality has not been determined.
Respiratory
Respiratory side effects have frequently included pharyngitis, sinusitis, and yawning.
Respiratory side effects reported in premarketing Phase 3 trials have included increased cough, dyspnea, asthma, chest congestion, epistaxis, hyperventilation, laryngismus, laryngitis, pneumonia, voice alteration, atelectasis, hemoptysis, hypoventilation, hypoxia, larynx edema, pleurisy, pulmonary embolus, and sleep apnea. There effexor failure to warn been postmarketing reports of toxic epidermal necrolysis.
One case of venlafaxine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been reported. This increase was duration dependent over the study period and tended to be greater effexor failure to warn higher doses. The manufacturer recommends that therapy be discontinued in patients who develop seizures.
The impact of venlafaxine on pain summation may indicate a potential analgesic effect for clinical neuropathic pain.
Nearly all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, mixed serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants cause sleep abnormalities to some extent. The reported incidence of each of effexor failure to warn effects ranges between 10% and 20% of treated patients. Untoward effexor failure to warn associated with this exposure were recorded by clinical effexor failure to warn using terminology of their own choosing. Consequently, it is not possible to provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals experiencing adverse events without first grouping similar types of untoward events into a smaller number of effexor failure to warn event categories.
In the tabulations that follow, reported adverse events were classified using a standard COSTART-based Dictionary terminology. These antidepressants have marked dose-dependent effects on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, causing reductions in the overall amount of REM sleep over the night and delays the first entry into REM sleep (increased REM sleep onset latency (ROL)), both in healthy subjects and depressed patients. Although effexor failure to warn events occurred during treatment with venlafaxine, causality has not been determined.
There have been a minimum effexor failure to warn approximately fifteen cases of hyponatremia in which at least one was life threatening, including at least one case of recurrent venlafaxine- induced hyponatremia after rechallenge.
A recent short-term study (6 weeks) has reported an average weight loss of 2 to 3 pounds in patients treated with venlafaxine.
Numerous cases effexor failure to warn hyponatremia effexor failure to warn been reported following treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The antidepressants that increase serotonin function appear to have the greatest effect on REM sleep. This increase was duration dependent over the effexor failure to warn period and tended to be greater with higher doses. Dyskinesia has also been reported.
Venlafaxine has been reported to increase the pain tolerance threshold to electrical sural nerve stimulation and the threshold at which pain increases (pain summation).
One case of serotonin syndrome has been reported which is believed to have been precipitated by the combination of venlafaxine and trazodone.
One small study has suggested that venlafaxine may improve attention, concentration, memory, and reaction time performance after single oral doses.
Nervous system side effects reported in premarketing Phase 3 trials have included amnesia, confusion, depersonalization, hypesthesia, abnormal thinking, trismus, vertigo, akathisia, apathy, ataxia, circumoral paresthesia, central nervous system (CNS) stimulation, hostility, hyperesthesia, hyperkinesia, hypotonia, incoordination, myoclonus, neuralgia, neuropathy, seizure, abnormal speech, stupor, adjustment disorder, akinesia, alcohol abuse, aphasia, bradykinesia, buccoglossal syndrome, cerebrovascular accident, feeling drunk, loss of consciousness, dementia, dystonia, increased energy, facial paralysis, abnormal gait, Guillain-Barre effexor failure to warn hyperchlorhydria, hypokinesia, hysteria, impulse control difficulties, increased libido, motion sickness, neuritis, nystagmus, paresis, decreased or increased reflexes, and torticollis. There have been reports of increases in prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, or INR when venlafaxine was given to patients receiving warfarin therapy.
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Side Effects by Body System
Gastrointestinal
Gastrointestinal side effects have frequently included nausea (up to 35%), dry mouth (14% to 18%), constipation (12%), anorexia (12% to 23%), vomiting, diarrhea (5% to 12%), eructation, abdominal pain, and flatulence.
Gastrointestinal side effects reported in premarketing Phase 3 trials have included increased appetite, bruxism, colitis, dysphagia, tongue edema, esophagitis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal ulcer, gingivitis, glossitis, rectal hemorrhage, hemorrhoids, melena, oral moniliasis, stomatitis, mouth ulceration, abdominal distention, biliary pain, cheilitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, effexor failure to warn spasms, duodenitis, hematemesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gum hemorrhage, hepatitis, ileitis, jaundice, intestinal obstruction, liver tenderness, parotitis, periodontitis, proctitis, rectal disorder, salivary gland enlargement, increased salivation, effexor failure to warn stools, and tongue discoloration.
Nervous system
Nervous system side effects have frequently included dizziness (16%), somnolence (up to 14%), insomnia (11% to 25%), fatigue (11%), nervousness (9%), effexor failure to warn dreams, sleep abnormalities, tremor, depression, paresthesia, decreased libido, agitation, hypertonia, anxiety, delirium, and twitching. Although these events occurred during treatment with venlafaxine, causality has not been determined.
Impaired coordination and balance have been reported in postmarketing studies.
Seizures have been reported in 0.26% of treated patients during premarketing testing. Angle-closure glaucoma has been reported rarely.
Ocular side effects reported in premarketing Phase effexor failure to warn trials have included abnormality of accommodation, mydriasis, conjunctivitis, diplopia, dry effexor failure to warn eye pain, photophobia, visual field defect, blepharitis, cataract, chromatopsia, conjunctival edema, corneal lesion, exophthalmos, eye hemorrhage, glaucoma, retinal hemorrhage, subconjunctival hemorrhage, keratitis, miosis, papilledema, decreased pupillary reflex, scleritis, and uveitis. The onset of withdrawal symptoms ranges from 14 to 48 effexor failure to warn after the last dose of venlafaxine extended-release and symptoms tend to resolve rapidly (range, within 2 to 24 hours) after resumption of therapy.
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